What is Measles or Rubeola.How is measles treated
# MEASLES or Rubeola
# Summary on Measles :
∆ Acute highly infectious disease of child
∆ Exanthematous fever (rash+fever)
∆ 4th day rash fever
∆ 3 'C' Disease
∆ Only case, no carriers
∆ Koplik's spots-pathognomic sign
# What is Measles(Rubeola) ?
Measles is an acute extremely infectious
disease of childhood.Which is generally
seen in the winter and spring. It's
spread from one to another child
through direct contact with Naso
pharyngeal secretions.
It's common age group is 6 months-3 year.
Causetive agent is RNA Paramixovirus.
# Clinical features of Measles:
A. Prodromal stage: 10th-14th days
• Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis (3C)
• Diarrhoea,vomiting,fever,photobhobi
•Koplik's spots:White small sand/grain
like structure appear on the buccal
mucosa opposite to lower 2nd molar.
B. Eruptive stage:
 |
| Maculo-papular rash |
• Appearance of erythematous
maculo papular rash (Centrifugal rash)
• 1st appearance behind the ear
• Ear-Face-Hand & neck-Extremities
• Involves palms & soles both
• Rash disappears after 4 days
C. Post measles stage:
• Weight loss
• Severe weakness
• Chance of infections like:TB,Diarrhoe
# Complication of Measles:
a). Most common: Diarrhoea
b). Most common in child:Otitis media
c). Most common in adult: Pneumonia
d). Sinusitis, Mastoiditis
e). Sub acute sclerosis pan encephalitis
f). Vit.A deficiency (keratomalacia)
 |
| Keratomalacia |
# Managements of Measles:
It includes two steps:
A. Measles is Diagnosed by -
• IgM antibodies detection:3 days after
rash to 1 month
• Measles is diagnosed by it's features
B. Measles is Treated by -
• Symptomatic and Supportive
• Isolation
• Vitamin A supplementation 2 doses
0-6 M-- 50000 IU
6-12 M--100000 IU
>1year--200000IU
• Vaccination - live attenuated vaccine
given at 9 months subcutaneously
• Measles is best prevented by getting
vaccination
 |
| Vaccination |
# Extra facts on Measles virus:
∆ IP of Measles is 10-14 days
∆ IP of Vaccine induced measles is 7 days
∆ Secondary attck rate of measles is 80%
∆ Measles is amenable to eradication.
∆ Measles virus cannot survive outside
human body.
∆ Period of communicability: 4 days
befire & 5 days after rash appearance.
∆ Vit.A deficiency is common in measles.
∆ Measles vaccine is freeze dried
lyophilized vaccine,reconstituted in
sterile diluents.
∆ Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is the
preventable adverse effect of vaccine.
∆ Spontaneous abortion & premature
birth is associated with measles in
pregnancy
∆ Immunity develops 11-12 days after
vaccination (99% protection)
∆ Vaccine is contraindicated in
pregnancy
∆ Duration of protection lifelong.
∆ WHO measles elimination strategy:
catchup.keep up.follow up
∆ Measles shows a cyclical trend in every
2-3 years
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