How is polio virus caused. What is poliomyelitis
# Poliomyelitis:
It is an acute viral infection caused by Polio virus (RNA). polio viruses are primarily affects GI Tract and also affect CNS in small amounts. Poliomyelitis is a disease of Nervous system. Poliomyelitis is more likely to seen in Rainy season.
# Poliomyelitis is caused by:
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| Polio Virus |
Polio virus (RNA): 3-serotypes
1. P1-Most common cause of outbreak
2. P2-Wind strain (Eradicated in 1958)
3. P3-Eradicated (24th Oct 2019)
✓ Polio virus survive in water-4 month
✓ Polio virus survive in faeces-6 month
✓ Man is only reservoir, there is no chronic carrier seen in Poliomyelitis
✓ Child (6 months-3 years) are more susceptible than adults.
✓ World Polio Day : 24th October
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| Polio Day |
# How is Polio spreads ?
It is transmitted through Faeces & Oropharygeneral secretions of Clinical & Sub clinical cases (Feco-oral route and Droplet infection). The incubation period is 7-14 days
Period of communicability is 7-10 days before & after Symptoms.
# Risk factors:
- Trauma
- Fatigue
- Tonsilectomy
- Intramuscular injection
# Clinical features of Poliomyelitis:
A. Sub clinical infection (91-96%)
- No apparent sings & symptoms
B. Abortive polio (4-8%)
- Fever, malaise, sore throat, anorexia
- Resolves in 3 days (Self limiting)
C. Non paralytic polio (approx 1%)
- Headache/Nausea
- Pain & stiffness back and legs
- Neck regidity
- CSF analysis: Raised lymphocytes
- Tripod sign positive
Tripod Sign
D. Paralytic Poliomyelitis due to type 1
- Fever
- Paralysis: Acute flaccid unilateral decending legs
- Bulbar paralysis: Dysphagia & drooling of saliva
- Respiratory paralysis
- Vaccine associated paralysis-P3 (rarely)
# Diagnosis of Poliomyelitis:
- Stool examination (Recommend)
- CSF Examination
- Throat Examination
- Blood Examination
# Prevention & Management:
- No specific treatment of poliomyelitis
- Complete rest and good nursing care
- Physiotherapy
- Orthopedic surgery (Rehabilitation)
- Immunization: killed and live (OPV or IPV)
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